Inundación de un monte frutal de durazneros: respuestas fisiológicas y de crecimiento

Víctor H. Ziegler, Edmundo Ploschuk, Pedro Insausti

Resumen


El duraznero [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] es una especie frutal que no tolera inundaciones. Aunque la inundación es un factor de estrés que afecta a montes frutales, la mayor parte de los antecedentes se circunscriben a sus efectos sobre plantas menores a dos años de edad, principalmente portainjertos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los efectos de una inundación sobre las respuestas fisiológicas y de crecimiento de árboles adultos de durazneros cv. Red Globe. Los tratamientos fueron: (i) testigo y (ii) inundación durante 32 días, durante el período de crecimiento de los frutos. La concentración de clorofila, el potencial hídrico, la conductancia estomática y la fotosíntesis neta de las hojas fueron afectadas negativamente por la inundación del suelo. Sin embargo, la concentración interna de CO2 fue similar en ambos tratamientos, lo cual indica que factores estomáticos y no estomáticos incidieron sobre la fotosíntesis. El crecimiento en longitud y diámetro de los brotes, el peso fresco y el peso seco de las hojas y el área foliar fueron significativamente menores en el tratamiento de inundación respecto al testigo. Las respuestas de crecimiento estarían relacionadas directamente con la afectación por la inundación del metabolismo del carbono y del potencial hídrico a través de su componente de presión. El significado agronómico de las respuestas fisiológicas y de crecimiento del duraznero a la inundación, evaluadas en este trabajo, es que podrían incidir sobre el rendimiento o “performance” productiva del monte frutal de esta especie.


Palabras clave


estrés abiótico; hipoxia radical; Amigdaloideae

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Referencias


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