LA PROBLEMÁTICA DE LA RESISTENCIA DE HONGOS A FUNGICIDAS. CAUSAS Y EFECTOS EN CULTIVOS EXTENSIVOS

Marcelo Carmona, Francisco Sautua

Resumen


La resistencia a fungicidas tiene un costo financiero para productores agropecuarios, para los fabricantes de fungicidas y para la sociedad toda. Asimismo, el surgimiento de la resistencia reduce la disponibilidad de ingredientes activos con diferente modo de acción disponibles en la lucha contra los hongos fitopatógenos, dificultando sobremanera el manejo agronómico de las enfermedades. La resistencia depende del impacto de las propiedades de cada principio activo fungicida y de la estructura genética de las poblaciones de patógenos, como así también de las prácticas de manejo agronómico seleccionadas para cada patosistema. En consecuencia, para combatir la resistencia, el uso de los fungicidas debe enmarcarse dentro de un programa de manejo integrado de enfermedades en combinación con las buenas prácticas agrícolas que garantizan las estrategias de manejo de resistencia a fungicidas. Esta es la única manera de poder maximizar la vida útil y la eficacia de los principios activos fungicidas actualmente disponibles en el mercado, durante el mayor período de tiempo, garantizando la sustentabilidad económica y ambiental.

Palabras clave


manejo integrado de enfermedades; inhibidores de la quinona externa; inhibidores de la succinato deshidrogenasa; inhibidores de la desmetilación; reducción de la sensibilidad

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