Tolerancia de Vicia villosa Roth al exceso hídrico en un suelo proveniente de la cuenca del Río Salado (Argentina)
Resumen
La cuenca del Río Salado, en el centro-norte de la provincia de Buenos Aires, es una importante región ganadera afectada por inundaciones periódicas. El uso de especies forrajeras tolerantes al exceso hídrico mejoraría su sostenibilidad. Este estudio evaluó la tolerancia de Vicia villosa Roth al exceso hídrico y su simbiosis con hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA). Para ello, se analizó el efecto de 20 días de exceso hídrico sobre el crecimiento, la nutrición fosforada y la asociación con HMA en plantas cultivadas en invernáculo 35 días desde la siembra en macetas que disponían de un suelo Natracuol típico de la cuenca. Las plantas control y las sometidas a exceso hídrico alcanzaron un nivel de biomasa aérea similar. Sin embargo, la biomasa radical disminuyó 40% y el largo radical específico aumentó 75% en plantas expuestas al exceso hídrico. La concentración de clorofila total y carotenos también fue menor bajo exceso hídrico. El fósforo en tejido y su absorción específica, así como la colonización micorrícica y la eficiencia de la simbiosis, no difirieron entre grupos de plantas. La eficiencia de tolerancia al exceso hídrico de las plantas de V. villosa fue del 70% en comparación con las plantas control. La estrategia de V. villosa para tolerar el exceso hídrico implicaría aumentar el largo radical específico y la superficie de absorción, lo que permitiría sostener la eficiencia de absorción de fósforo y la producción de biomasa aérea.
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