EPIDEMIAS DE ROYA AMARILLA DEL TRIGO. NUEVAS RAZAS EN EL MUNDO, MONITOREO Y DECISIÓN DE USO DE FUNGICIDAS
Resumen
resistentes cuando las plantas crecen y envejecen. Durante los últimos años en Europa, muchos genes de resistencia se volvieron ineficaces durante la reciente incursión devastadora de nuevas razas de Pst, originarias de la región del Himalaya, probablemente dispersadas por el viento a larga distancia. Este nuevo grupo racial se identificó por primera vez en la variedad de trigo ‘Warrior’ en 2011, y reemplazó por completo a la población de Pst existente antes de la invasión. En Argentina, durante las últimas dos temporadas agrícolas hubo epidemias de roya amarilla en regiones con temperaturas medias más altas donde nunca antes se habían registrado. En 2017, mediante una prospección de la epidemia en Pradera Pampeana, coordinada por la Catedra de Fitopatología de la FAUBA, el Global Rust Reference Center ha determinado nuevas razas de Pst. El manejo integrado de esta enfermedad se basa principalmente en desarrollar y cultivar variedades con resistencia adecuada y duradera y, en segundo lugar, realizar aplicaciones eficientes de fungicida, en el momento adecuado, solo cuando sea necesario. Actualmente, los estudios de investigación con enfoques a nivel celular y molecular se están utilizando para desarrollar
variedades de trigo resistentes.
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